Gang of four

• Class pattern
  • Factory Method / Virtual Constructor: Object creation via method instead of constructor
• Object pattern
  • Builder pattern
• Abstract factory pattern: Group of factories
• Prototype pattern: Clone method/interface
• Singleton pattern
• Multiton pattern (flyweight): Multiple objects based on key (getInstance(key), using a hashmap)

Class/object composition

• Adapter/Wrapper: Adapter realizes interfaces, uses method of external class
• Bridge: Hierarchy of abstractions and implementations
• Facade: Unified, simplified interface to complex operations involving multiple classes
• Decorator: Dynamically add/remove methods to an object
• Flyweight: Large number of object required, where information is shared
• Composite: Tree-structure to represent part-whole hierarchies (treat part and whole uniformly)
• Proxy: Class acting as interface to something else.